Messier 77 (M77)
Common Name: Squid Galaxy
Also Known as: NGC 1068, Cetus A
Object Type: Barred Spiral Galaxy
Constellation: Cetus
Distance from Earth: 47 million light years
Apparent Magnitude: 9.6
Coordinates: RA 02H 42M 40.7S DEC 00 deg 00 min 48 sec
Actual Size: 170,000 light years in diameter
Apparent Dimensions: 7.1 arc-minutes x 6.0 arc-minutes
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Environmental Data
Date: November 14, 2020 Start Time: 8:18PM End Time: 10:59PM
Sky Condition: Clouds then clearing SQM: 19.13
Temperature: 58 degrees F Humidity: 68% Dew Point: 48 degrees F
Location: Westport, Massachusetts 02790
Comment: PHD2 calibration good.
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Imaging Scope Data
Mount: iOptron CEM120 Camera: ZWO ASI071 OSC Focuser: Optec DirectSync SV35
Telescope: Stellarvue SVX130 refractor Focal Length: 910mm
Focal Reducer/Field Flattener: Field Flattener Filter: None
Rotator: Pegasus Falcon Power Control: Pegasus Ultimate Powerbox V2 Dew Heater: Kendrick dew strip
Imaging Software
Mount: iOptron Commander Focuser: Optec FocusLynx Commander
Imaging: Sequence Generator Pro Platesolve: ASTAP Rotator/Control: Pegasus Unity Platform
Imaging Status
Imaging Software: Sequence Generated Focus HFR 1.31 Platesolve: Success on 2nd attempt
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Guide Scope Data
Telescope: Stellarvue SV90 refractor Camera: ZWO ASI290 Focuser: Optec DirectSync SVX30
Dew Heater: Kendrick dew strip Software: PHD2 Tracking Result: 1.15 arc-seconds RMS
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Images Taken
Number of light frames: 43 Duration: 4 minutes Gain: Unity Gain
Camera Temperature: -20 degrees C Binning: 1x1 F-Stop: 7.0
Total Integration Time: 2.87 hours
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Number of flat frames: 25 Duration: 0.08 seconds Gain: Unity Gain
Camera Temperature: -20 degrees C Binning: 1x1 F-Stop: 7.0
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Number of Dark frames: 50 (from library) Duration: 4 minutes Gain: Unity Gain
Camera Temperature: -20 degrees C Binning: 1x1 F-Stop: 7.0
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Number of Bias frames: 50 (from library) Duration: 0.001 seconds Gain: Unity Gain
Camera Temperature: -20 degrees C Binning: 1x1 F-Stop: 7.0
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Imaging Processing
Imaging Processing Software: PixInsight
Processes utilized: Linear - calibration/integration: Flats ImageCalibration with Master Bias, Flat ImageIntegration, Images ImageCalibration with Flat Master & Dark Master, Debayer, SubFrameSelector, StarAlign, ImageIntegration
Linear - Background extraction, Color correction, deconvolution, noise reduction: DynamicCrop, DynamicBackgroundExtraction, ImageSolve, SpectroPhotometricColorCalibration, BlurXTerminator, NoiseXterminator
Non-Linear: GeneralizedHyperbolicStretch script, CurvesTransformation, HDRMultiscaleTransform, GAME script to create mask, MultiScaleLinearTransform for sharpening, DynamicCrop
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Notes:
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